The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (
DNA or
RNA sequences) is
translated into
proteins (
amino acid sequences) by living
cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-
nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. Because the vast majority of
genes are encoded with exactly the same code (see #RNA codon table), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact there are many variant codes; thus, the canonical genetic code is not universal. For example, in humans, protein synthesis in
mitochondria relies on a genetic code that varies from the canonical code.
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