folk medicine

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Folk medicine
Folk medicine refers generally to healing practices traditionally used for alleviating illness and injury, or to aid in childbirth. It is a category of informal knowledge distinct from "scientific medicine", as well as more formal and systematic, but unscientific, medical practices such as Ayurveda. However, it may coexist with these in the same culture or society. Folk medicine as a system includes: home remedies; folk aetiologies of disease; preventative medicine; reproductive techniques; medicinal properties of plants; anatomical knowledge, and healers. Folk medicine may also include elements from the history of medicine. For example the hot-cold concept of health and illness is absent in Spanish folk medicine and did not exist at the folk level in the past (Tan, 1989). However these beliefs are now widespread in Latin America and the Caribbean, and according to Foster (1953) were derived from the élite and scholarly Hippocratic-galenic traditions that were brought to the Spanish colonies by Spanish physicians and clergy. Spanish medical practice at the time of Columbus was based on classical Greek and Roman medicine with diffusions from Arab medicine. Other Hippocratic principles are the oppositions of raw / cooked, hot /cold, wet / dry, sweet / sour. In addition, wellbeing is determined by a balance between different elements, bile, phlegm, and blood (Strobel, 1985).
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Médecine traditionnelle
Selon la définition officielle de l' OMS, la médecine traditionnelle "se rapporte aux pratiques, méthodes, savoirs et croyances en matière de santé qui impliquent l’usage à des fins médicales de plantes, de parties d’animaux et de minéraux, de thérapies spirituelles, de techniques et d’exercices manuels – séparément ou en association – pour soigner, diagnostiquer et prévenir les maladies ou préserver la santé. Dans les pays industrialisés, les adaptations de la médecine traditionnelle sont nommés "complémentaires" ou "alternatives", ou encore "parallèles" ( pour la traduction française) ".
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Volksmedizin
Volksmedizin umfasst das in der Bevölkerung von einer Generation zur nächsten überlieferte Wissen über Krankheiten, Heilmethoden und Heilmittel. Volksmedizin reicht bis in die Anfangsgründe der Menschheit. Neben dem Erfahrung sammeln durch reines Ausprobieren - z.B. von Heilpflanzen oder von Heilmitteln tierischen bzw. mineralischen Ursprungs stehen Beobachtungen etwa von Tieren, die bei Krankheit instinktiv gewisse Pflanzen fressen.
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民間療法
民間療法(みんかんりょうほう)とは、通常の医学以外の立場による類似行為の総称であり、古くから土地土地で伝えら来た物や、健康ブームに乗って盛んに宣伝されている物であるが、医学的根拠が希薄であったり、全く無い物も含まれる。いわゆる健康法ヒーリングなども、多くはこの一種である。
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folk medicine
‎ الطِبُّ البَلَدِيّ‎

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