executive (government)

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Executive (government)
In political science and constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the state. In many countries, it is referred to simply as the government, but this usage can be confusing in an international context. The executive branch contains the head of government, who is the head of this branch. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is not supposed to make laws (role of the legislature), nor to interpret them (role of the judiciary): in practice, this separation is rarely absolute. The executive is identified by the Head of Government. In a presidential system, this person (the President) may also be the Head of State, whereas in a parliamentary system he or she is usually the leader of the largest party in the legislature and is most commonly termed the Prime Minister (Taoiseach in the  Republic of Ireland, (Federal) Chancellor in Germany and Austria). In France, executive power is shared between the President and the Prime Minister and this system has been reproduced in a number of former French colonies, while Switzerland and Bosnia and Herzegovina likewise have collegiate systems for the role of Head of State and Government. The Head of Government is assisted by a number of ministers, who usually have responsibilities for particular areas (e.g. health, education, foreign affairs), and by a large number of government employees or civil servants.
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Pouvoir exécutif
Le pouvoir exécutif (aussi appelé simplement l'exécutif) est un des trois pouvoirs constituant l'État. Il est chargé de gérer la politique courante de l'État.
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Exekutive
Die Exekutive (vom lateinischen exsequi = ausführen, auch: ausführende Gewalt oder vollziehende Gewalt) ist in der Staatstheorie neben Legislative (Gesetzgebung) und Judikative (Rechtsprechung) eine der drei unabhängigen Gewalten (Gewaltenteilung). Sie umfasst die Regierung (Gubernative) und die öffentliche Verwaltung (Administrative), der in erster Linie die Ausführung der Gesetze anvertraut ist. Auch die Exekutive kann normsetzende Befugnisse wahrnehmen, zum Beispiel mit dem Recht auf Erlass von Rechtsverordnungen. Dabei haben Verordnungen nicht den Status von Gesetzen, sondern werden vielmehr von bestehenden Gesetzen abgeleitet.
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Wladza wykonawcza
Władza wykonawcza (egzekutywa) jest władzą bezpośrednio zarządzającą sprawami państwa. Wprowadza ona prawa i obowiązki obywateli w życie, jeśli zgodne są one z konstytucją.W Polsce organami egzekutywy są Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej, Rada Ministrów, zwana popularnie rządem, premier (Prezes Rady Ministrów) oraz organy administracji rządowej. Organem władzy wykonawczej jest także Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji; umocowana w Konstytucji RP ma prawo wydawania rozporządzeń.
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Potere esecutivo
Il potere esecutivo, generalmente posseduto da un'istituzione denominata "governo" o "consiglio dei ministri", è in prima istanza il potere di applicare le leggi, distinto dal potere legislativo, che è la facoltà di fare le leggi, mentre il potere giudiziario è il potere di giudicare, ed eventualmente punire, chi non rispetta le leggi. La separazione tra i tre poteri è volta a garantire l'imparzialità delle leggi e della loro applicazione.
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