A test or exam(ination) is an assessment intended to measure a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics (e.g., beliefs). A test may be administered orally, on paper, on a computer, or in a confined area that requires a test taker to physically perform a set of skills. Tests vary in style, rigor and requirements. For example, in a closed book test, a test taker is often required to rely upon memory to respond to specific items whereas in an open book test, a test taker may use one or more supplementary tools such as a reference book or calculator when responding to an item. A test may be administered formally or informally. An example of an informal test would be a reading test administered by a parent to a child. An example of a formal test would be a final examination administered by a teacher in a classroom or an I.Q. test administered by a psychologist in a clinic. Formal testing often results in a grade or a test score. A test score may be interpreted with regards to a norm or criterion, or occasionally both. The norm may be established independently, or by statistical analysis of a large number of participants.

Eine Prüfung (mittelhochdeutsch brüeven im 12. Jahrhundert aus altfranzösisch prover zu lat. probare für gut/geeignet erachten; verwandt mit engl. prove und, weniger direkt, proof) ist eine Beurteilung einer Leistung.

Exercices spirituels est un ouvrage de méditation et de prière considéré comme le chef d'œuvre d'Ignace de Loyola (1491-1556), fondateur de l'ordre des Jésuites, et composé à partir de sa propre expérience spirituelle recueillie notamment à Manresa.

Examination är det moment i en kurs som utgör underlag för betygssättning. Examination vid högskola eller universitet kan utgöras av en skriftlig eller muntlig tentamen eller av en projekt- eller laborationsuppgift. Den som fattar beslut om betyget benämns examinator.

試験（しけん）とは、被験者または試料の能力や性質を測定するために行う行為のこと。テスト（test）とも呼ばれる。