Embryonic stem cell
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are
stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage
embryo known as a
blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post
fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. ES cells are
pluripotent. This means they are able to
differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary
germ layers:
ectoderm,
endoderm, and
mesoderm. These include each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult
body. Pluripotency distinguishes ES cells from
multipotent progenitor cells found in the adult; these only form a limited number of cell types. When given no stimuli for differentiation, (i.e. when grown
in vitro), ES cells maintain pluripotency through multiple
cell divisions. The presence of pluripotent
adult stem cells remains a subject of scientific debate, however, research has demonstrated that pluripotent stem cells can be directly generated from adult fibroblast cultures..
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Cellule souche
ESC
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Stamcell
Stamceller är omogna celler som finns i alla flercelliga
organismer. Stamceller har två egenskaper som utmärker dem från andra celltyper. Dels kan stamceller genomgå ett obegränsat antal celldelningar (
mitoser), dessutom har stamceller förmågan att mogna (
differentiera) till flera celltyper. Grunden för forskning kring mänskliga stamceller lades av de kanadensiska forskarna Ernest McCulloch och James Till under 1960-talet.
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