Elementary arithmetic is the most basic kind of mathematics: it concerns the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Most people learn elementary arithmetic in elementary school.Elementary arithmetic starts with the natural numbers and the Arabic numerals used to represent them. It requires the memorization of addition tables and multiplication tables for adding and multiplying pairs of digits. Knowing these tables, a person can perform certain well-known procedures for adding and multiplying natural numbers. Other algorithms are used for subtraction and division. Mental arithmetic is elementary arithmetic performed in the head, for example to know that 100 − 37 = 63 without use of paper. It is an everyday skill. Extended forms of mental calculation may involve calculating extremely large numbers, but this is a skill not usually taught at the elementary level.
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