Drug
A drug, broadly speaking, is a substance used as a
medicine or
narcotic. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in
medicine,
government regulations, and colloquial usage. In
pharmacology, Dictionary.com defines a drug as "a
chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being." Drugs may be prescribed for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for
chronic disorders.
Recreational drugs are chemical substances that affect the
central nervous system, such as
narcotics or
hallucinogens. They may be used for perceived beneficial effects on
perception,
consciousnesss,
personality, and
behavior. Some recreational drugs can cause
addiction and habituation.
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Drúedain
In
J. R. R. Tolkien's
legendarium, the Drúedain are a fictional race of
Men which were counted amongst the
Edain. They were also know as Drûgin (singular being Drug), Woses, Wild Men of the Woods and Púkel-men.The Drûgin lived among the Second House of Men, the
Haladin, in the
First Age in the forest of
Brethil. They were an alien folk to the other Men: a bit like
Dwarves in stature and endurance, stumpy, clumsy-limbed (with short, thick legs, and fat, "gnarled" arms), had broad chests, fat bellies, and heavy buttocks. According to the
Elves and other Men, they had "unlovely faces": wide, flat, and expressionless with deep-set black eyes that glowed red when angered. They had "horny" brows, flat noses, wide mouths, and sparse, lank hair. They had no hair lower than the eyebrows, except for a few men who had a tail of black hair on the chin. They were short lived and had a deep hatred of
Orcs. They were known to have certain magical powers and to be still in meditation for long periods of time. Although a number of the Drúedain were present in
Númenor they had left or died out before the
Akallabêth, as had the Púkel-men of
Dunharrow. At the end of the
Third Age the Drûg still lived in the
Drúadan Forest of the
White Mountains, and at the long cape of
Andrast west of
Gondor. The region north of
Andrast was still known as
Drúwaith Iaur, or "Old Drûg land".
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Drogue
Une drogue est un
composé chimique, biochimique ou naturel, capable d'altérer une ou plusieurs activités neuronales et/ou de perturber les communications neuronales. La consommation de drogues par l'homme afin de modifier ses fonctions physiologiques ou psychiques, ses réactions physiologiques et ses états de conscience n'est pas récente. Certaines drogues peuvent engendrer une
dépendance physique ou psychologique. L'usage de celles-ci peut avoir pour conséquences des perturbations physiques ou mentales.
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Drúedain
Droge (Begriffsklärung)
Drug
Drugs (ook wel: verdovend middel, bedwelmingsmiddel, narcoticum, roesmiddel, geestverruimend middel of droog/droge) is een verzamelnaam voor
geneesmiddelen en
genotsmiddelen die een meer of minder drogerende (verdovende en/of opwekkende) werking hebben, en die soms tot
verslaving kunnen leiden. Het woord narcoticum (meervoud: narcotica) wordt vaak gebruikt bij
justitie en de
politie. Het woord drug komt oorspronkelijk van het
Middelnederlandse woord droge (waar het woord
drogist vandaan komt), het
Engels heeft dit woord van het Franse woord 'drogue' geleend die het op zijn beurt weer van het Middelnederlands heeft geleend, Nederland heeft dit woord teruggeleend (hergeleend) vanuit het Engels. In het Engels betekent drug zowel
medicijn als verdovend middel, die eerste betekenis heeft het woord in het
Nederlands niet. In het Frans gebruikt men voor het woord 'verdovend middel' ook wel 'stupéfiant', hetzelfde woord als het bijvoeglijk naamwoord 'verbluffend'.
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Food and Drug Administration
O FDA (Food and Drug Administration) é o orgão governamental dos
Estados Unidos da América que faz o controle dos
alimentos (tanto
humano como
animal), suplementos alimentares,
medicamentos (humano e animal),
cosméticos, equipamentos médicos, materiais biológicos e produtos derivados do
sangue humano. Qualquer novo alimento, medicamento, suplemento alimentar, cosméticos e demais substâncias sob a sua supervisão, é minuciosamente testado e estudado antes de ter a sua comercialiação aprovada.
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