distinctive feature

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Distinctive feature
In linguistics, a distinctive feature is the most basic unit of phonological structure that may be analyzed in phonological theory. Distinctive features are grouped into categories according to the natural classes of segments they describe: major class features, laryngeal features, manner features, and place features. These feature categories in turn are further specified on the basis of the phonetic properties of the segments in question. Since the inception of the phonological analysis of distinctive features in the 1950's, features traditionally have been specified by assigning them binary values to signify that the segment being described by the feature either possesses that phonetic property or it does not. Therefore, a positive value, [+], denotes the presence of a feature, while a negative value, [-], indicates its absence. However, in recent developments to the theory of distinctive features, phonologists have proposed the existence of single-valued features. These features, called univalent features, can only describe the classes of segments that are said to possess those features, and not the classes that are without them.
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Cecha fonologiczna relewantna
Cecha fonologiczna relewantna (inaczej cecha dystynktywna, kontrastywna, diakrytyczna lub istotna) to właściwość fonemu, której zmiana powoduje zmianę znaczenia wyrazów, w których ów fonem został użyty.Relewantność cechy fonologicznej definiowana jest w odniesieniu do systemu fonologicznego danego języka, a w niektórych przypadkach także kontekstu, w jakim znajduje się fonem definiowany przez tę cechę. W języku polskim cechą relewantną jest np. dźwięczność, por.:/pas/ pas vs. /bas/ bas,/rafa/ rafa vs. /rawa/ Rawa.
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Särdrag
Denna artikel handlar om den lingvistiska termen särdrag. För andra betydelser, se Särdrag (olika betydelser). Särdrag är inom lingvistiken de byggstenar med vilka man kan beskriva och särskilja fonem och språkljud i världens språk; sådana byggstenar kan vara tonaspirationnasalisering med mera. Dessa ses ofta som binära, och ett givet språkljud anges då ha (+) eller sakna (-) särdraget i fråga.
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distinctive feature
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distinctive feature
distinctive information 独特性信息

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