diazotization

Diazonium compounds or diazonium salts are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the characteristic structure of R-N2+ X- where R can be any organic residue such alkyl or aryl and X is an inorganic or organic anion such as a halogen. Historically, diazonium salts have been developed as important intermediates in the organic synthesis of dyes.
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Diazotization is a reaction that converts an -NH2 group connected to a phenyl ring to a diazonium salt. For example,

Diazotization reactions are extremely useful in organic synthesis. The nitrous acid provides NO+ which replaces a hydrogen on the -NH3 group to produce -NH2NO+ and water; a second water is eliminated to produce the -N2+ group.

diazotization
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