In
geology and
oceanography, diagenesis is any chemical, physical, or biological change undergone by a
sediment after its initial deposition and during and after its
lithification, exclusive of surface alteration (weathering) and
metamorphism. These changes happen at relatively low temperatures and pressures and result in changes to the rock's original
mineralogy and texture. The boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism, which occurs under conditions of higher temperature and pressure, is gradational.
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The set of processes that cause physical and chemical changes in sediment after it has been deposited and buried under another layer of sediment. Diagenesis may culminate in lithification.