In chemistry delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule that are not associated with a single atom or to a covalent bond. Delocalized electrons are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms. Classically, delocalized electrons can be found in conjugated systems of double bonds and in aromatic and mesoionic systems. A case of delocalized electrons occurs also in solid metals, where the d-subshell interferes with the above s-subshell, and contributes to the properties of a metal. It is increasingly appreciated that electrons in sigma bonding levels are also delocalized. For example, in methane, the bonding electrons are shared by all five atoms equally. Pervasive existence of delocalization is implicit in Molecular Orbital Theory.
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