deficiency disease

n. disease caused by the deficiency of essential nutrient or other substance required for growth (such as vitamin or mineral)

Many diseases in humans are thought to be directly or indirectly related to nutrition, These include, but are not limited to, deficiency diseases, caused by a lack of essential nutrients. Additionally, several diseases are directly or indirectly impacted by dietary habits, and require very close attention to the nutrient content of food.
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Deficiency disease n. A disease that is caused by a dietary deficiency of specific nutrients, especially a vitamin or mineral, possibly stemming [more]Deficiency disease - Community and Resources

Noun
1. any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral)
(hypernym) disease
(hyponym) malnutrition

Any disease that results from inadequacy in the intake of a specific nutrient or specific nutrients, especially a vitamin or mineral. A deficiency disease can have a nondietary underlying cause-for example, a digestive or metabolic cause.