For the Roy Harper album Counter Culture, see
Counter Culture. In sociology, counterculture is a term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a
cultural group, or
subculture, that run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of
political opposition. This was a neologism from 1969 attributed to
Theodore Roszak. Although distinct countercultural undercurrents exist in all societies, here the term counterculture refers to a more significant, visible phenomenon that reaches critical mass and persists for a period of time. A counterculture movement thus expresses the ethos, aspirations and dreams of a specific population during a certain period of time — a social manifestation of
zeitgeist. Countercultural milieux in 19th century Europe included the traditions of
Romanticism,
Bohemianism and of the
Dandy. Another movement existed in a more fragmentary form in the
1950s, both in Europe and the US, in the form of the
Beat generation/
Beatniks.
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