As the term is used in mainstream
cognitive science and
philosophy of mind, a concept is an
abstract idea or a mental symbol, typically associated with a corresponding
representation in and
language or
symbology. A vast
array of accounts attempt to explain the
nature of concepts. According to classical accounts, a concept denotes all of the entities,
phenomena, and/or relations in a given
category or
class by using
definitions. Concepts are abstract in that they omit the
differences of the things in their
extension, treating the members of the extension as if they were identical. Classical concepts are universal in that they apply equally to every thing in their extension. Concepts are also the basic elements of
propositions, much the same way a
word is the basic
semantic element of a
sentence. Unlike
perceptions, which are particular images of individual objects, concepts cannot be visualized. Because they are not themselves individual perceptions, concepts are discursive and result from
reason.
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