A citadel is a
fortress for protecting a
town, sometimes incorporating a
castle. The term derives from the same
Latin root as the word "city", civis, meaning citizen. Citadels are most often used to protect a garrison or political power from the inhabitants of the town it is defending. They were designed to ensure loyalty from the town which they defended. For example
Barcelona had a great citadel built in 1714 to intimidate the
Catalans against repeating their mid 17th and early 18th century rebellions against the Spanish central government. In the 19th century, as soon as the political climate had liberalised enough to permit it, the people of Barcelona had the citadel torn down, and replaced it with the city's main central park, the Parc de la Ciutadella. A similar example is the
Citadella in
Budapest,
Hungary. The
Citadelle of Quebec still survives, as the largest citadel still in official military operation in North America, after more than two hundred years of existence.
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