Cart (0)Free Online Dictionary
chapter 06
| The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran |  Download this dictionary |
chapter 06
Section 1 The Islamic Consultative Assembly
Article 62 [Election]
(1) The Islamic Consultative Assembly is constituted by the representatives of the people elected
directly and by secret ballot.
(2) The qualifications of voters and candidates, as well as the nature of election, will be specified
by law.
Article 63 [Term]
The term of membership in the Islamic Consultative Assembly is four years. Elections for each
term must take place before the end of the preceding term, so that the country is never without an
Assembly.
Article 64 [270 Members, Religious Representatives]
(1) There are to be two hundred seventy members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly which,
keeping in view the human, political, geographic, and other similar factors, may increase by not
more than twenty for each ten-year period from the date of the national referendum of the year
1368 of the solar Islamic calendar.
(2) The Zoroastrians and Jews will each elect one representative; Assyrian and Chaldean
Christians will jointly elect one representative; and Armenian Christians in the north and those in
the south of the country will each elect one representative.
(3) The delimitation of the election constituencies and the number of representatives will be
determined by law.
Article 65 [Quorum, Code of Procedure]
(1) After the holding of elections, sessions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly are considered
legally valid when two-thirds of the total number of members are present. Drafts and bills will be
approved in accordance with the code of procedure approved by it, except in cases where the
Constitution has specified a certain quorum.
(2) The consent of two-thirds of all members present is necessary for the approval of the code of
procedure of the Assembly.
Article 66 [Rules of Procedure]
The manner of election of the Speaker and the Presiding Board of the Assembly, the number of
committees and their term of office, and matters related to conducting the discussions and
maintaining the discipline of the assembly will be determined by the code of procedure of the
Assembly.
Article 67 [Oath]
(1) Members of the Assembly must take the following oath at the first session of the Assembly
and affix their signatures to its text:
"In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. In the presence of the Glorious Koran, I
swear by God, the Exalted and Almighty, and undertake, swearing by my own honor as a human
being, to protect the sanctity of Islam and guard the accomplishments of the Islamic Revolution of
the Iranian people and the foundations of the Islamic Republic; to protect, as a just trustee, the
honor bestowed upon me by the people, to observe piety in fulfilling my duties as people's
representative; to remain always committed to the independence and honor of the country; to
fulfil my duties towards the nation and the service of the people; to defend the Constitution; and
to bear in mind, boath in speech and writing and in the expression of my views, the independence
of the country, the freedom of the people, and the security of their interests."
(2) Members belonging to the religious minorities will swear by their own sacred books while
taking this oath.
(3) Members not attending the first session will perform the ceremony of taking the oath at the
first session they attend.
Article 68 [Suspended Elections During Wartime]
In time of war and the military occupation of the country, elections due to be held in occupied
areas or countrywide may be suspended for a specified period if proposed by the President of the
Republic, and approved by three-fourths of the total members of the Islamic Consultative
Assembly, with the endorsement of the Guardian Council. If a new Assembly is not formed, the
previous one will continue to function.
Article 69 [Publicity, Closed Sessions]
The deliberations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly must be open and full minutes of them
made available to the public by the radio and the official gazette. A closed session may be held in
emergency conditions, if it is required for national security, upon the requisition of the President,
one of the Ministers, or ten members of the Assembly. Legislation passed at a closed session is
valid only when approved by three-fourths of the members in the presence of the Guardian
Council. After emergency conditions have ceased to exist, the minutes of such closed sessions,
together with any le gislation approved in them, must be made available to the public.
Article 70 [Government Attendance]
The President, his deputies and the Ministers have the right to participate in the open sessions of
the Assembly either collectively or individually. They may also have their advisers accompany
them. If the members of the Assembly deem it necessary, the Ministers are obliged to attend.
Whenever they request it, their statements are to be heard.
Section 2 Powers and Authority of the Islamic Consultative Assembly
Article 71 [Legislation]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly can establish laws on all matters, within the limits of its
competence as laid down in the Constitution.
Article 72 [Limits]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly cannot enact laws contrary to the official religion of the
country or to the Constitution. It is the duty of the Guardian Council to determine whether a
violation has occurred, in accordance with Article 96.
Article 73 [Interpretation of Laws]
The interpretation of ordinary laws falls within the competence of the Islamic Consultative
Assembly. The intent of this article does not prevent the interpretations that judges may make in
the course of cassation.
Article 74 [Bills]
Government bills are presented to the Islamic Consultative Assembly after receiving the approval
of the Council of Ministers. Members' bills may be introduced in the Islamic Consultative
Assembly if sponsored by at least fifteen members.
Article 75 [Spending Bills]
Members' bills and proposals and amendments to government bills proposed by members that
entail the reduction of the public income or the increase of public expenditure may be introduced
in the Assembly only if means for compensating for the decrease in income or for meeting the
new expenditure are also specified.
Article 76 [Investigation]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly has the right to investigate and examine all the affairs of the
country.
Article 77 [Treaties]
International treaties, protocols, contracts, and agreements must be approved by the Islamic
Consultative Assembly.
Article 78 [Boundary Laws]
All changes in the boundaries of the country are forbidden, with the exception of minor
amendments in keeping with the interests of the country, on condition that they are not unilateral,
do not encroach on the independence and territorial
integrity of the country, and receive the approval of four-fifths of the total members of the Islamic
Consultative Assembly.
Article 79 [Martial Law, Temporary Restrictions]
The proclamation of martial law is forbidden. In case of war or emergency conditions comparable
to war, the government has the right to impose temporarily certain necessary restrictions, with the
agreement of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. In no case can such restrictions last for more
than thirty days; if the need for them persists beyond this limit, the government must obtain new
authorization for them from the Assembly.
Article 80 [Aid]
The taking and giving of governmental loans or grants-in-aid, domestic and foreign, must be
approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Article 81 [Foreign Business]
The granting of concessions to foreigners or the formation of companies or institutions dealing
with commerce, industry, agriculture, service, or mineral extraction, is absolutely forbidden.
Article 82 [Foreign Experts]
The employment of foreign experts is forbidden, except in cases of necessity and with the
approval of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Article 83 [Property of National Heritage]
Government buildings and properties forming part of the national heritage cannot be transferred
except with the approval of the Islamic Consultative Assembly; that, too, is not applicable in the
case of irreplaceable treasures.
Article 84 [Responsibility]
Every representative is responsible to the entire nation and has the right to express his views on
all internal and external affairs of the country.
Article 85 [Delegated Legislation]
(1) The right of membership is vested with the individual, and is not transferable to others. The
Assembly cannot delegate the power of legislation to an individual or committee. But whenever
necessary, it can delegate the power of legislating certain laws to its own committees, in
accordance with Article 72. In such a case, the laws will be implemented on a tentative basis for a
period specified by the Assembly, and their final approval will rest with the Assembly.
(2) Likewise, the Assembly may, in accordance with Article 72, delegate to the relevant
committees the responsibility for permanent approval of articles of association of organizations,
companies, government institutions, or organizations affiliated to the government and or invest
the authority in the government. In such a case, the government approvals must not be
inconsistent with the principles and commandments of the official religion in the country or with
the Constitution, which question shall be determined by the Guardian Council in accordance with
what is stated in Article 96. In addition to this, the Government approvals shall not be against the
laws and other general rules of the country and, while calling for implementation, the same shall
be brought to the knowledge of the Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly for his study
and indication that the approvals in question are not inconsistent with the aforesaid rules.
Article 86 [Independence, Indemnity]
Members of the Assembly are completely free in expressing their views and casting their votes in
the course of performing their duties as representatives, and they cannot be prosecuted or arrested
for opinions expressed in the Assembly or votes cast in the course of performing their duties as
representatives.
Article 87 [Vote of Confidence]
The President must obtain, for the Council of Ministers, after being formed and before all other
business, a vote of confidence from the Assembly. During his incumbency, he can also seek a
vote of confidence for the Council of Ministers from the Assembly on important and
controversial issues.
Article 88 [Questioning Government]
Whenever at least one-fourth of the total members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly pose a
question to the President, or any one member of the Assembly poses a question to a Minister on a
subject relating to their duties, the President or the Minister is obliged to attend the Assembly and
answer the question. This answer must not be delayed more than one month in the case of the
President and ten days in the case of the Minister, except with an excuse deemed reasonable by
the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Article 89 [Interpellation]
(1) Members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly can interpellate the Council of Ministers or an
individual Minister in instances they deem necessary. Interpellations can be tabled if they bear the
signatures of at least ten members.
The Council of Ministers or interpellated Minister must be present in the Assembly within ten
days after the tabling of the interpellation in order to answer it and seek a vote of confidence. If
the Council of Ministers or the Minister concerned fails to attend the Assembly, the members
who tabled the interpellation will explain their reasons, and the Assembly will declare a vote of
no confidence if it deems it necessary.
If the Assembly does not pronounce a vote of confidence, the Council of Ministers or the
Minister subject to interpellation is dismissed. In both cases, the Ministers subject to
interpellation cannot become members of the next Council of Ministers formed immediately
afterwards.
(2) In the event at least one-third of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly
interpellate the President concerning his executive responsibilities in relation with the Executive
Power and the executive affairs of the country the President must be present in the Assembly
within one month after the tabling of the interpellation in order to give adequate explanations in
regard to the matters raised. In the event, after hearing the statements of the opposing and
favoring members and the reply of the President, two-thirds of the members of the Assembly
declare a vote of no confidence, the same will be communicated to the Leadership for information
and implementation of Article 110 (10).
Article 90 [Complaints, Petitions]
Whoever has a complaint concerning the work of the Assembly or the executive power or the
judicial power can forward his complaint in writing to the Assembly. The Assembly must
investigate his complaint and give a satisfactory reply. In cases where the complaint relates to the
executive or the judiciary, the Assembly must demand proper investigation in the matter and an
adequate explanation from them, and announce the results within a reasonable time. In cases
where the subject of the complaint is of public interest, the reply must be made
public.
Article 91 [Guardian Council]
With a view to safeguard the Islamic ordinances and the Constitution, in order to examine the
compatibility of the legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly with Islam, a
council to be known as the Guardian Council is to be constituted with the following composition:
1. six religious men, conscious of the present needs and the issues of the day, to be selected by the
Leader, and
2. six jurists, specializing in different areas of law, to be elected by the Islamic Consultative
Assembly from among the Muslim jurists nominated by the Head of the Judicial Power.
Article 92 [Term]
Members of the Guardian Council are elected to serve for a period of six years, but during the
first term, after three years have passed, half of the members of each group will be changed by lot
and new members will be elected in their place.
Article 93 [Mandatory Formation]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly does not hold any legal status if there is no Guardian Council
in existence, except for the purpose of approving the credentials of its members and the election
of the six jurists on the Guardian Council.
Article 94 [Review of Legislation]
All legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly must be sent to the Guardian
Council. The Guardian Council must review it within a maximum of ten days from its receipt
with a view to ensuring its compatibility with the criteria of Islam and the Constitution. If it finds
the legislation incompatible, it will return it to the Assembly for review. Otherwise the legislation
will be deemed enforceable.
Article 95 [Extended Review]
In cases where the Guardian Council deems ten days inadequate for completing the process of
review and delivering a definite opinion, it can request the Islamic Consultative Assembly to
grant an extension of the time limit not exceeding ten days.
Article 96 [Majority]
The determination of compatibility of the legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative
Assembly with the laws of Islam rests with the majority vote of the religious men on the
Guardian Council; and the determination of its compatibility with the Constitution rests with the
majority of all the members of the Guardian Council.
Article 97 [Attendance in Parliament]
In order to expedite the work, the members of the Guardian Council may attend the Assembly
and listen to its debates when a government bill or a members' bill is under discussion. When an
urgent government or members' bill is placed on the agenda of the Assembly, the members of the
Guardian Council must attend the Assembly and make their views known.
Article 98 [Authoritative Interpretation]
The authority of the interpretation of the Constitution is vested with the Guardian Council, which
is to be done with the consent of three-fourths of its members.
Article 99 [Supervision of Elections]
The Guardian Council has the responsibility of supervising the elections of the Assembly of
Experts for Leadership, the President of the Republic, the Islamic Consultative Assembly,
and the direct recourse to popular opinion and referenda.
Article 62 [Election]
(1) The Islamic Consultative Assembly is constituted by the representatives of the people elected
directly and by secret ballot.
(2) The qualifications of voters and candidates, as well as the nature of election, will be specified
by law.
Article 63 [Term]
The term of membership in the Islamic Consultative Assembly is four years. Elections for each
term must take place before the end of the preceding term, so that the country is never without an
Assembly.
Article 64 [270 Members, Religious Representatives]
(1) There are to be two hundred seventy members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly which,
keeping in view the human, political, geographic, and other similar factors, may increase by not
more than twenty for each ten-year period from the date of the national referendum of the year
1368 of the solar Islamic calendar.
(2) The Zoroastrians and Jews will each elect one representative; Assyrian and Chaldean
Christians will jointly elect one representative; and Armenian Christians in the north and those in
the south of the country will each elect one representative.
(3) The delimitation of the election constituencies and the number of representatives will be
determined by law.
Article 65 [Quorum, Code of Procedure]
(1) After the holding of elections, sessions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly are considered
legally valid when two-thirds of the total number of members are present. Drafts and bills will be
approved in accordance with the code of procedure approved by it, except in cases where the
Constitution has specified a certain quorum.
(2) The consent of two-thirds of all members present is necessary for the approval of the code of
procedure of the Assembly.
Article 66 [Rules of Procedure]
The manner of election of the Speaker and the Presiding Board of the Assembly, the number of
committees and their term of office, and matters related to conducting the discussions and
maintaining the discipline of the assembly will be determined by the code of procedure of the
Assembly.
Article 67 [Oath]
(1) Members of the Assembly must take the following oath at the first session of the Assembly
and affix their signatures to its text:
"In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. In the presence of the Glorious Koran, I
swear by God, the Exalted and Almighty, and undertake, swearing by my own honor as a human
being, to protect the sanctity of Islam and guard the accomplishments of the Islamic Revolution of
the Iranian people and the foundations of the Islamic Republic; to protect, as a just trustee, the
honor bestowed upon me by the people, to observe piety in fulfilling my duties as people's
representative; to remain always committed to the independence and honor of the country; to
fulfil my duties towards the nation and the service of the people; to defend the Constitution; and
to bear in mind, boath in speech and writing and in the expression of my views, the independence
of the country, the freedom of the people, and the security of their interests."
(2) Members belonging to the religious minorities will swear by their own sacred books while
taking this oath.
(3) Members not attending the first session will perform the ceremony of taking the oath at the
first session they attend.
Article 68 [Suspended Elections During Wartime]
In time of war and the military occupation of the country, elections due to be held in occupied
areas or countrywide may be suspended for a specified period if proposed by the President of the
Republic, and approved by three-fourths of the total members of the Islamic Consultative
Assembly, with the endorsement of the Guardian Council. If a new Assembly is not formed, the
previous one will continue to function.
Article 69 [Publicity, Closed Sessions]
The deliberations of the Islamic Consultative Assembly must be open and full minutes of them
made available to the public by the radio and the official gazette. A closed session may be held in
emergency conditions, if it is required for national security, upon the requisition of the President,
one of the Ministers, or ten members of the Assembly. Legislation passed at a closed session is
valid only when approved by three-fourths of the members in the presence of the Guardian
Council. After emergency conditions have ceased to exist, the minutes of such closed sessions,
together with any le gislation approved in them, must be made available to the public.
Article 70 [Government Attendance]
The President, his deputies and the Ministers have the right to participate in the open sessions of
the Assembly either collectively or individually. They may also have their advisers accompany
them. If the members of the Assembly deem it necessary, the Ministers are obliged to attend.
Whenever they request it, their statements are to be heard.
Section 2 Powers and Authority of the Islamic Consultative Assembly
Article 71 [Legislation]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly can establish laws on all matters, within the limits of its
competence as laid down in the Constitution.
Article 72 [Limits]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly cannot enact laws contrary to the official religion of the
country or to the Constitution. It is the duty of the Guardian Council to determine whether a
violation has occurred, in accordance with Article 96.
Article 73 [Interpretation of Laws]
The interpretation of ordinary laws falls within the competence of the Islamic Consultative
Assembly. The intent of this article does not prevent the interpretations that judges may make in
the course of cassation.
Article 74 [Bills]
Government bills are presented to the Islamic Consultative Assembly after receiving the approval
of the Council of Ministers. Members' bills may be introduced in the Islamic Consultative
Assembly if sponsored by at least fifteen members.
Article 75 [Spending Bills]
Members' bills and proposals and amendments to government bills proposed by members that
entail the reduction of the public income or the increase of public expenditure may be introduced
in the Assembly only if means for compensating for the decrease in income or for meeting the
new expenditure are also specified.
Article 76 [Investigation]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly has the right to investigate and examine all the affairs of the
country.
Article 77 [Treaties]
International treaties, protocols, contracts, and agreements must be approved by the Islamic
Consultative Assembly.
Article 78 [Boundary Laws]
All changes in the boundaries of the country are forbidden, with the exception of minor
amendments in keeping with the interests of the country, on condition that they are not unilateral,
do not encroach on the independence and territorial
integrity of the country, and receive the approval of four-fifths of the total members of the Islamic
Consultative Assembly.
Article 79 [Martial Law, Temporary Restrictions]
The proclamation of martial law is forbidden. In case of war or emergency conditions comparable
to war, the government has the right to impose temporarily certain necessary restrictions, with the
agreement of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. In no case can such restrictions last for more
than thirty days; if the need for them persists beyond this limit, the government must obtain new
authorization for them from the Assembly.
Article 80 [Aid]
The taking and giving of governmental loans or grants-in-aid, domestic and foreign, must be
approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Article 81 [Foreign Business]
The granting of concessions to foreigners or the formation of companies or institutions dealing
with commerce, industry, agriculture, service, or mineral extraction, is absolutely forbidden.
Article 82 [Foreign Experts]
The employment of foreign experts is forbidden, except in cases of necessity and with the
approval of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Article 83 [Property of National Heritage]
Government buildings and properties forming part of the national heritage cannot be transferred
except with the approval of the Islamic Consultative Assembly; that, too, is not applicable in the
case of irreplaceable treasures.
Article 84 [Responsibility]
Every representative is responsible to the entire nation and has the right to express his views on
all internal and external affairs of the country.
Article 85 [Delegated Legislation]
(1) The right of membership is vested with the individual, and is not transferable to others. The
Assembly cannot delegate the power of legislation to an individual or committee. But whenever
necessary, it can delegate the power of legislating certain laws to its own committees, in
accordance with Article 72. In such a case, the laws will be implemented on a tentative basis for a
period specified by the Assembly, and their final approval will rest with the Assembly.
(2) Likewise, the Assembly may, in accordance with Article 72, delegate to the relevant
committees the responsibility for permanent approval of articles of association of organizations,
companies, government institutions, or organizations affiliated to the government and or invest
the authority in the government. In such a case, the government approvals must not be
inconsistent with the principles and commandments of the official religion in the country or with
the Constitution, which question shall be determined by the Guardian Council in accordance with
what is stated in Article 96. In addition to this, the Government approvals shall not be against the
laws and other general rules of the country and, while calling for implementation, the same shall
be brought to the knowledge of the Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly for his study
and indication that the approvals in question are not inconsistent with the aforesaid rules.
Article 86 [Independence, Indemnity]
Members of the Assembly are completely free in expressing their views and casting their votes in
the course of performing their duties as representatives, and they cannot be prosecuted or arrested
for opinions expressed in the Assembly or votes cast in the course of performing their duties as
representatives.
Article 87 [Vote of Confidence]
The President must obtain, for the Council of Ministers, after being formed and before all other
business, a vote of confidence from the Assembly. During his incumbency, he can also seek a
vote of confidence for the Council of Ministers from the Assembly on important and
controversial issues.
Article 88 [Questioning Government]
Whenever at least one-fourth of the total members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly pose a
question to the President, or any one member of the Assembly poses a question to a Minister on a
subject relating to their duties, the President or the Minister is obliged to attend the Assembly and
answer the question. This answer must not be delayed more than one month in the case of the
President and ten days in the case of the Minister, except with an excuse deemed reasonable by
the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Article 89 [Interpellation]
(1) Members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly can interpellate the Council of Ministers or an
individual Minister in instances they deem necessary. Interpellations can be tabled if they bear the
signatures of at least ten members.
The Council of Ministers or interpellated Minister must be present in the Assembly within ten
days after the tabling of the interpellation in order to answer it and seek a vote of confidence. If
the Council of Ministers or the Minister concerned fails to attend the Assembly, the members
who tabled the interpellation will explain their reasons, and the Assembly will declare a vote of
no confidence if it deems it necessary.
If the Assembly does not pronounce a vote of confidence, the Council of Ministers or the
Minister subject to interpellation is dismissed. In both cases, the Ministers subject to
interpellation cannot become members of the next Council of Ministers formed immediately
afterwards.
(2) In the event at least one-third of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly
interpellate the President concerning his executive responsibilities in relation with the Executive
Power and the executive affairs of the country the President must be present in the Assembly
within one month after the tabling of the interpellation in order to give adequate explanations in
regard to the matters raised. In the event, after hearing the statements of the opposing and
favoring members and the reply of the President, two-thirds of the members of the Assembly
declare a vote of no confidence, the same will be communicated to the Leadership for information
and implementation of Article 110 (10).
Article 90 [Complaints, Petitions]
Whoever has a complaint concerning the work of the Assembly or the executive power or the
judicial power can forward his complaint in writing to the Assembly. The Assembly must
investigate his complaint and give a satisfactory reply. In cases where the complaint relates to the
executive or the judiciary, the Assembly must demand proper investigation in the matter and an
adequate explanation from them, and announce the results within a reasonable time. In cases
where the subject of the complaint is of public interest, the reply must be made
public.
Article 91 [Guardian Council]
With a view to safeguard the Islamic ordinances and the Constitution, in order to examine the
compatibility of the legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly with Islam, a
council to be known as the Guardian Council is to be constituted with the following composition:
1. six religious men, conscious of the present needs and the issues of the day, to be selected by the
Leader, and
2. six jurists, specializing in different areas of law, to be elected by the Islamic Consultative
Assembly from among the Muslim jurists nominated by the Head of the Judicial Power.
Article 92 [Term]
Members of the Guardian Council are elected to serve for a period of six years, but during the
first term, after three years have passed, half of the members of each group will be changed by lot
and new members will be elected in their place.
Article 93 [Mandatory Formation]
The Islamic Consultative Assembly does not hold any legal status if there is no Guardian Council
in existence, except for the purpose of approving the credentials of its members and the election
of the six jurists on the Guardian Council.
Article 94 [Review of Legislation]
All legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly must be sent to the Guardian
Council. The Guardian Council must review it within a maximum of ten days from its receipt
with a view to ensuring its compatibility with the criteria of Islam and the Constitution. If it finds
the legislation incompatible, it will return it to the Assembly for review. Otherwise the legislation
will be deemed enforceable.
Article 95 [Extended Review]
In cases where the Guardian Council deems ten days inadequate for completing the process of
review and delivering a definite opinion, it can request the Islamic Consultative Assembly to
grant an extension of the time limit not exceeding ten days.
Article 96 [Majority]
The determination of compatibility of the legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative
Assembly with the laws of Islam rests with the majority vote of the religious men on the
Guardian Council; and the determination of its compatibility with the Constitution rests with the
majority of all the members of the Guardian Council.
Article 97 [Attendance in Parliament]
In order to expedite the work, the members of the Guardian Council may attend the Assembly
and listen to its debates when a government bill or a members' bill is under discussion. When an
urgent government or members' bill is placed on the agenda of the Assembly, the members of the
Guardian Council must attend the Assembly and make their views known.
Article 98 [Authoritative Interpretation]
The authority of the interpretation of the Constitution is vested with the Guardian Council, which
is to be done with the consent of three-fourths of its members.
Article 99 [Supervision of Elections]
The Guardian Council has the responsibility of supervising the elections of the Assembly of
Experts for Leadership, the President of the Republic, the Islamic Consultative Assembly,
and the direct recourse to popular opinion and referenda.
You think you have ethics...
Take the survey NOW!