vacuum tube which displays images when an electron beam falls on a phosphorescent surface (this technology is commonly used in computer monitors and televisions)
<
hardware> (CRT) An electrical device for displaying images by exciting phosphor dots with a scanned electron beam. CRTs are found in computer
VDUs and
monitors, televisions and oscilloscopes. The first commercially practical CRT was perfected on 29 January 1901 by Allen B DuMont.
A large glass envelope containing a negative electrode (the cathode) emits electrons (formerly called "cathode rays") when heated, as in a
vacuum tube. The electrons are accelerated across a large voltage gradient toward the flat surface of the tube (the screen) which is covered with phosphor. When an electron strikes the phosphor, light is emitted. The electron beam is deflected by electromagnetic coils around the outside of the tube so that it scans across the screen, usually in horizontal stripes. This scan pattern is known as a
raster. By controlling the current in the beam, the brightness at any particular point (roughly a "
pixel") can be varied.
Different phosphors have different "
persistence" - the length of time for which they glow after being struck by electrons. If the scanning is done fast enough, the eye sees a steady image, due to both the persistence of the phospor and of the eye itself. CRTs also differ in their
dot pitch, which determines their spatial
resolution, and in whether they use
interlace or not.
(1994-11-17)
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