Carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase) is a family of
metalloenzymes (enzymes that contain one or more metal atoms as a functional component of the enzyme) that
catalyze the rapid conversion of
carbon dioxide to
bicarbonate and
protons, a reaction that occurs rather slowly in the absence of a catalyst. Carbonic anhydrase greatly increases the rate of the reaction, with typical catalytic rates of the different forms of this enzyme ranging between 104 and 106 reactions per second. The
active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a
zinc ion.
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