The blackberries (singular, blackberry; genus
Rubus, subgenus Eubatus; also called
bramble or occasionally "bramble raspberry") are a widespread and well known group of several hundred closely related
apomictic microspecies, native throughout the temperate
Northern Hemisphere.They are
perennial plants which typically bear
biennial stems ("canes") from the perennial root system. In its first year, a new stem grows vigorously to its full length of 3-6 m, arching or trailing along the ground and bearing large
palmately compound leaves with five or seven leaflets; it does not produce any flowers. In its second year, the stem does not grow longer, but produces several side shoots, which bear smaller leaves with three or five leaflets. Both first and second year shoots are usually spiny, usually with numerous short curved very sharp spines (spineless plants also occur). The
flowers are produced in late spring and early summer on short
racemes on the tips of these side shoots, each flower about 2 cm diameter with five white or pale pink
petals. The new primocane fruiting blackberries flower and fruit on the new growth. The
fruit, in
botanical terminology, is not a
berry, but an
aggregate fruit of numerous
drupelets ripening to a black or dark purple fruit, the "blackberry". Unmanaged mature plants form a tangle of dense arching stems, the branches rooting from the node tip when they reach the ground. They are very vigorous, growing at fast rates in woods, scrub, hillsides and hedgerows, covering large areas in a relatively short time. It will tolerate poor
soil, and is an early colonist of wasteland and building sites.
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