A biennial plant is a flowering
plant that takes two years to complete its
lifecycle. In the first year the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots (vegetative structures), then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months. Usually the stem remains very short and the leaves are low to the ground, forming a
rosette. Many biennials require a cold treatment, or
vernalization, before they will flower. The next spring or summer the stem of the biennial plant elongates greatly, or "
bolts". The plant then
flowers, producing
fruits and
seeds before it finally dies. There are far fewer biennials than either
perennials or
annuals.
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