Saul (שאול המלך) (or Sha'ul) is identified in the Books of Samuel, 1 Chronicles and the Qur'an as the first king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel. Saul reigned from Gibeah for some two decades at the close of the second millennium B.C. When his reign succumbed to a Philistine onslaught, a part of his kingdom fell to the Philistines, while the remainder was contested by his surviving son Ish-bosheth and rival David. Saul's traditional biography in the Books of Samuel reveals two main sources, independent of each other.
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