astute

زيرک ،ناقلا،دانا،هوشيار،محيل ،دقيق ،موشکاف

lat. astutia «savoir-faire, finesse».šgard
"lemm"

1080, la Chanson de Roland; savie, 1050;
Since wisdom is the result of persistent searching, it should come as no surprise that the root goes back to Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *sag- "to seek,"
=> hégémonie !por-xrad (plv. xrat)
xrad-varz/mand
farzâna (plv. frazânak)
dur-negar
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"Astute," "perspicacious," "sagacious" and "shrewd" refer to different kinds of intelligence. "Astute" suggests shrewdness in calculating one's own interest. "Shrewd" suggests a cunning, even sly, sort of intelligence. "Sagacious" denotes a judicious, far-sighted wisdom stemming from intuition or experience. "Perspicacious" implies clear-sightedness, the absence of any muddled thinking.
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[pour les stoïciens]Vivre en toute indépendance ; réfléchir à la nature du gouvernement que l'on exerce, sur soi-même ou sur les autres ; s'entretenir avec ses propres pensées ; parler avec soi-même : c'est le portrait du sage, c'est le portrait de Zeus.

(M. FOUCAULT, l'herméneutique du sujet, Cours au Collège de France, 1981-1982, p. 440)
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The proble of finding a collection of 'wise' men and leaving the government to them is thus an insoluble one. this the ultimate reason for democracy.

(B. RUSSELL, History of Western Philosophy, p. 124)
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Reverence for human personality is the beginning of wisdom, in every question, but above all in education.

(B. RUSSELL, Sceptical essays, p. 172)

cerdik

(แอสทิวทฺ') adj. ฉลาด,มีเชาว์,มีเล่ห์,

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