Asthma is a
chronic illness involving the
respiratory system in which the
airway occasionally constricts, becomes
inflamed, and is lined with excessive amounts of
mucus, often in response to one or more triggers. These episodes may be triggered by such things as exposure to an environmental stimulant (or
allergen), cold air, warm air, moist air,
exercise or exertion, or emotional
stress. In children, the most common triggers are viral illnesses such as those that cause the
common cold. This airway narrowing causes
symptoms such as
wheezing,
shortness of breath, chest tightness, and
coughing. The airway constriction responds to
bronchodilators. Between episodes, most patients feel well but can have mild symptoms and they may remain short of breath after exercise for longer periods of time than the unaffected individual. The symptoms of asthma, which can range from mild to life threatening, can usually be controlled with a combination of
drugs and environmental changes.
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