Sedimentary rock is one of the three main
rock groups (the others being
igneous and
metamorphic rock). Rock formed from
sediments covers 75-80% of the Earth's land area, and includes common types such as
chalk,
limestone,
dolomite,
sandstone,
conglomerate and
shale.Sedimentary rocks are classfied by the source of their sediments, and are produced by one or more of:
clastic rock formed from fragments broken off from parent rock, by
weathering in situ or
erosion by water, ice or wind, followed by
transportation of sediments, often in
suspension, to the place of
deposition;
biogenic activity; or
precipitation from
solution.
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