"Arborescent" -- having the characteristics of a tree; treelike.Arborescent is a term coined by the French thinkers
Deleuze and
Guattari to characterize thinking marked by insistence on
totalizing principles, binarism and
dualism. The terms, first used in
A Thousand Plateaus (1980) where it was opposed to the
rhizome, comes from the way
genealogy trees are drawn: unidirectional
progress, with no possible retroactivity and continuous binary cuts (thus enforcing a dualist metaphysical conception, criticized by Deleuze). Rhizomes, on the contrary, mark an horizontal and non-hierarchical conception, where anything may be linked to anything else, with no respect whatsoever for specific
species: rhizomes are
heterogeneous links between things that have nothing to do between themselves (for example, Deleuze and Guattari linked together
desire and
machines to create the - most surprising - concept of
desiring machines).
Horizontal gene transfer is also an example of rhizomes, opposed to the arborescent
evolutionism theory. Deleuze also criticizes the
Chomsky hierarchy of
formal languages, which he considers a perfect example of arborescent dualistic theory.
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Arborescent signifie en forme d'
arbre. Toutefois une plante arborescente n'est pas nécessairement un arbre, car elle peut être dépourvue de
lignine. C'était par exemple le cas des
fougères arborescentes du
Mésozoïque et dans une moindre mesure de leurs descendants actuels, capables d'atteindre plusieurs mètres de hauteur. Le
palmier est une plante arborescente, mais non un arbre
stricto sensu.
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