The anticonvulsants are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers, and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The goal of an anticonvulsant is to suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons that start a seizure. Failing this, an effective anticonvulsant would prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain and offer protection against possible excitotoxic effects, that may result in brain damage. Some studies have cited that anticonvulsants themselves are linked to lowered IQ in children. However these adverse effects must be balanced against the significant risk epileptiform seizures pose to children and the distinct possibility of death and devastating neurological sequela secondary to seizures. Anticonvulsants are more accurately called antiepileptic drugs (abbreviated "AEDs"), and are sometimes referred to as antiseizure drugs. While the term 'anticonvulsant' is a fair description of AEDs, the use of this term tends to lead to confusion between epilepsy and non-epileptic convulsions. Convulsive seizures non-epileptic seizures are quite common, and these types of seizures do not respond to antiepileptic drugs. In epilepsy, an area of the cortex is typically hyper-irritable. This condition can often be confirmed by completing a diagnostic EEG. Antiepileptic drugs function to help reduce this area of irritability and thus prevent epileptiform seizures.

Ein Antikonvulsivum (v. griech.  »gegen« und lat. convulsio »Krampfanfall« vgl. Konvulsion; Plural Antikonvulsiva) ist ein Arzneimittel, das zur Behandlung oder Verhinderung von epileptischen Krampfanfällen eingesetzt wird. Synonym wird daher auch der Name Antiepileptikum (Plural Antiepileptika) verwendet.

Les antiépileptiques, anticonvulsants ou anticomitiaux, appartiennent à un groupe varié de médicaments utilisés dans la prévention ou l'occurrence de l'épilepsie.

Antiepileptika är en medicinsk term som betyder "medel mot epilepsi". De flesta antiepileptika verkar i största allmänhet dämpande på hjärnans signaler. Några antiepileptika har inte medvetet framforskats såsom medel mot epilepsi; istället har man testat medel som verkat dämpande på neuronens signalkapacitet för att se om de haft någon verkan på epilepsi. Äldre antiepileptiska medel har ofta mycket besvärliga biverkningar.