The andesite line is the most significant regional
geologic distinction in the
Pacific Ocean basin. It separates the
mafic basaltic volcanic rocks of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of more
felsic andesitic volcanic rock on its margins. The andesite line parallels the
subduction zones and deep
oceanic trenches around the Pacific basin. It is the surface expression of melting within and above the plunging subducting slab. It follows the western edge of the islands off
California and passes south of the
Aleutian arc, along the eastern edge of the
Kamchatka Peninsula, the
Kuril Islands, Japan, the
Mariana Islands, the
Solomon Islands, and
New Zealand. The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the
Andes mountains of South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand—all eastward extensions of the continental blocks of Australia and Asia—lie outside the andesite line.
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The geographic boundary between the basalts and gabbros of the Pacific Ocean basin and the andesites at the subductive margins of the surrounding continents.