Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by
trauma or
surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as
malignancy or
gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for such problems. A special case is the
congenital amputation, a
congenital disorder, where
foetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands. In some countries, amputation of the hands or feet was or is used as a form of
punishment for criminals. Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terrorism. In some cultures and religions, minor amputations or mutilations are considered a ritual accomplishment. Unlike many non-mammalian animals, (such as
lizards which shed their tails), once removed, human extremities do not grow back. A
transplant or a
prosthesis are the only options for recovering the loss.
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