Dysgraphia (or agraphia) is a deficiency in the ability to
write, regardless of the ability to
read, not due to
intellectual impairment. People with dysgraphia often can write on some level, but often lack co-ordination, and may find other
fine motor tasks such as tying shoes difficult. It often does not affect all fine motor skills. They can also lack basic spelling skills (having difficulties with p,q,b,d), and often will write the wrong word when trying to formulate thoughts (on paper). In childhood, the disorder generally emerges when they are first introduced to writing. They make inappropriately sized and spaced letters, or write wrong or misspelled words despite thorough instruction. Children with the disorder may have other learning disabilities; however, they usually have no social or other academic problems. Cases of dysgraphia in adults generally occur after some
neurological trauma or it might be diagnosed in a person with
Tourette syndrome,
ADHD or an
autism spectrum disorder such as
Asperger's. The
DSM IV identifies dysgraphia as a "Disorder of Written Expression" as "writing skills (that) ...are substantially below those expected given the person's ...age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate education."
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