Zemes mate

Basics Latvian culture, along with Lithuanian, is among the oldest surviving Indo-European culture. Much of its symbolism (for example, the "fire cross" or swastika) is ancient. Its seasons, festivals, and numerous deities reflect the essential agrarian nature of Latvian tribal life. These seasons and festivals are still noted, if not also celebrated today—for example, Jāņi is a national holiday.
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[Latvian] Zemes mate ("mother of the soil") is concerned with the welfare of the people and makes the fields fertile. She is also sometimes identified with Velu mate, for she too rules over the dead in the underworld. Einhorn giving the first description does not say anything regarding the latter.