Sparfloxacin (spar FLOX a sin), trade names Zagam® and Zagam Respipac, is a
fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Zagam is no longer available in the United States.Sparfloxacin achieves a high degree of penetration into most tissues, except for the central .nervous system. Sparfloxacin is about 37- 45% protein boun;J) (Shimada et at., 1993; Montay,1996). Following a single 400-mg oral dose of sparfloxacin, the mean peak concentration in ~ cantharides-induced inflammatory fluid is 1.3 lA-g per ml after a mean duration of 5 h post-dose. ,J. Thus(overall sparfloxacin penetration into inflammatory fluid is 117
nd the mean elimination half-life from this fluid is 19.7 h (Johnson et at., 1992). Skin penetration of sparfloxacin is.good with skin:plasma ratios of 1.00 at 4 h (time of peak plasma concentration) and 1.39 at 5 h. Following single oral doses of 100 or 200mg, concentrations in skin of 0.56 and 0.82-1.31 lA-g per g, respectively, can be expected (Nogita and Ishibashi, 1991 ). Sparfloxacin achieves excellent penetration into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro (Garcia et at., 1992). Sparfloxacin achieves high concentrations in respiratory and sinus tissues. Fo铞윐 曋D ࡂA輼 웰 Shimada et at. ( 1993) has summarized many of the studies published in Japanese regarding the tissue distribution of sparfloxacin. (high concentrations are achieved in sputu!J!, pleural fluid, skin, lung, prostate, gynecological tissues, breast milk aJ1d otolaryngological ti~sues. Salivary concentrations are 66-70% of plasma levels, while CSF penetration appears to be somewhat.limited with CSF:plasma concentration ratios of only 0.25-0.35. Sparfloxacin achieves concentrations in bile and gallbladder of 7.1- to 83-fold the concurrent serum levels;J In rabbits, sparfloxacin achieves very good penetration into the ocular vitreous (54% ), cornea (76%) and lens (36%) (Cochereau-Massin et at., 1993).
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[Other] The demon of the forgers of money. This demon could change copper into gold and lead into silver, blood into oil and water into wine. He had huge bat's wings and a bull's head. Zagam fed upon human blood.
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