Windows Open Service Architecture

The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is the name given by Microsoft to the core set of application programming interfaces (APIs) available in the Microsoft Windows operating systems. All Windows programs except console programs must interact with the Windows API regardless of the language. Lower level access to a Windows system, mostly required for device drivers, is provided by the Windows Driver Foundation in current versions of Windows.
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<architecture, library, microsoft> (WOSA) One of the mainstays of Microsoft Windows: the ethos of abstraction of core services.
For each extension, Windows Open Services Architecture defines an API and an SPI, as well as a universal interface (usually placed in a single DLL) that both comply to.
These then transparently let the operating system speak to device drivers, database managers, and other low level entities.
These extensions include, among others, ODBC (called the "crowning jewel of WOSA"), TAPI, WOSA/XFS, SAPI and MAPI, and their supporting services, as well as the abstraction of access to printers, modems, and networking services, which run identically over TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and NetBEUI.
(2000-08-16)