Vertical Integration
التكامل الرأسي
Vertical integration
تكامل رأس
Vertical integration
The combination within a firm or business enterprise of one or more stages of production or distribution. In the electric industry, it refers to the historical arrangement whereby a utility owns its own generating plants, transmission system, and distribution lines to provide all aspects of electric service.
vertical integration
تَكامُلٌ عَمودِيّ