"Veda" redirects here. For other uses, see
Veda (disambiguation). The Vedas (
Sanskrit "knowledge") are a large corpus of texts originating in
Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of
Sanskrit literature and the oldest
sacred texts of
Hinduism. According to Hindu tradition, the Vedas are "not human compositions", being supposed to have been directly revealed, and thus are called
śruti ("what is heard"). Vedic
mantras are recited at Hindu prayers, religious functions and other auspicious occasions. Philosophies and sects that developed in the Indian subcontinent have taken differing positions on the Vedas. Schools of Indian philosophy which cite the Vedas as their scriptural authority are classified as "orthodox" (
āstika). Two other Indian philosophies,
Buddhism and
Jainism, did not accept the authority of the Vedas and evolved into separate religions. In Indian philosophy these groups are referred to as "heterodox" or "non-Vedic" (
nāstika) schools.
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