The Viipuri province or Viipuri county (, ) was a
province of
Finland in
Finnish Karelia. It included most of the territories of
Old Finland, which had been ceded to Russia by
Sweden in the
Treaty of Nystad (Uusikaupunki) (1721) and
Treaty of Åbo (Turku) (1743), organized into Vyborg
Governorate in 1744 (named Finland Governorate in 1802-1812) and joined to the newly formed autonomous
Grand Duchy of Finland within the
Russian Empire by
Alexander I of Russia on
January 41812 (
December 231811 O.S.). The area had a well-developed economy due to its proximity to
Saint Petersburg, capital of the
Russian Empire. The center of the province was the city of
Viipuri (also Viborg, now Vyborg), then second largest city of Finland. The province was subdivided into nine
uyezds: Ranta, Ayräpää, Käkisalmi, Karkijoki, Kymmi, Lappvesi, Salmi, Sortavala and Jääski. In 1856
Saimaa Canal was opened, linking
Lake Saimaa and
Finnish Lakeland to the
Bay of Viborg. The development of the province was bolstered further by the construction of the
Saint Petersburg–Riihimäki railroad (1870),
Viborg–Joensuu railroad (1894) and
Petrograd–Hiitola railroad (1917).
Granite,
marble (in Ruskeala) and
bog iron mining as well as
logging were important branches of industry. Starting from the beginning of the 20th century, a number of
hydroelectric power plants were built by
Enso in the higher reaches of the
River Vuoksi to supply its
pulp and paper mills. In 1906-1939 the province was divided between two electoral districts, Western and Eastern.
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1.
visual programming language.
["VPL: An Active, Declarative Visual Programming System, D. Lau-Kee et al, 1991 IEEE Workshop on Vis Langs, Oct 1991, pp. 40-46].
2. A
dataflow language for interactive image processing.
VIRTUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. VPL
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