Vermouth (; or ) is a fortified wine flavored with various dry ingredients. The modern versions of the beverage were first produced in 1757 in Italy by two brothers, Giovanni Giacomo and Carlo Stefano Cinzano and in the early 19th century in France. Vermouth was consumed as a medicinal libation until the later 19th century when it became an important ingredient in many of the first classic cocktails, such as the martini.