Petroleum (
Latin Petroleum derived from
Greek πέτρα (Latin petra) - rock + έλαιον (Latin oleum) - oil) or crude oil is a naturally occurring liquid found in formations in the
Earth consisting of a complex mixture of
hydrocarbons (mostly
alkanes) of various lengths. The approximate length range is C5H12 to C18H38. Any shorter hydrocarbons are considered
natural gas or
natural gas liquids, while long-chain hydrocarbons are more viscous, and the longest chains are
paraffin wax. In its naturally occurring form, it may contain other nonmetallic elements such as
sulfur,
oxygen, and
nitrogen. It is usually black or dark brown (although it may be yellowish or even greenish) but varies greatly in appearance, depending on its composition. Crude oil may also be found in semi-solid form mixed with sand, as in the
Athabasca oil sands in
Canada, where it may be referred to as crude
bitumen.
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Spent motor oil from passenger cars and trucks collected at specified locations for recycling (not included in the category of municipal solid waste).
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