Uppsala Cathedral

The Cathedral of Uppsala , is the largest church building in Scandinavia, being 118.7 m high, and with a length of 118.7 m. The construction of the cathedral began in 1287 after the archbishopric was moved from Gamla Uppsala. It would take more than a century to complete the construction. It was inaugurated 1435 under archbishop Olaus Laurentii, but was actually still not completely finished. It was dedicated to the saints Saint Lawrence, a most cherished saint in all of Sweden at that time, Saint Eric, the patron of Sweden (though never canonised by the pope), and Saint Olaf the patron of Norway. It was completed within the following decades. The Cathedral was severely damaged in the great fire of 1702, whereafter its Renaissance appearance of 1619 was altered. For instance its tall, Dutch Renaissance spires were replaced with small, dome-like, towers in Baroque style under the architect Carl Hårleman (1700-1753). The second restoration came in 1885-1893 under the architect Helgo Zettervall (1831-1907), who wanted to give the cathedral a French Gothic revival appearance. The original, medieval style was Baltic International Gothic, which employed relatively robust brick walls. The small Baroque towers were replaced by tall (French-inspired) spires, including a third, smaller tower on the transept crossing in the same style. Zettervall also severely altered large portions of the medieval outer brick walls as to give it a slimmer appearance, which meant the white-washed "blind windows", similar to the ones found on parts of the nearby Holy Trinity Church (Helga trefaldighets kyrka) were removed. The (interior) ceiling and walls of the cathedral were decorated in neo-Gothic style, although some depictions, such as one of Martin Luther, did not attempt to reconstruct the cathedral's medieval heritage. Large portions of cement additions by Zettervall to the exterior structure of the cathedral were removed some decades later.
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