United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
For maritime law in general see
Admiralty law. The United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention and the Law of the Sea Treaty (LOST), is the international agreement that resulted from the third
United Nations Convention [Conference] on the Law of the Sea, which took place from 1973 through 1982. The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine
natural resources. The Convention concluded in 1982 replaced four 1958
treaties. UNCLOS came into force in 1994, a year after
Guyana became the 60th state to sign the treaty. To date 154 countries and the European Community have joined in the Convention. The United States has signed the treaty, but the Senate has not ratified it.
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Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer
Convoquée en vertu de la résolution 3067 (XXVIII) adoptée par l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies le 16 novembre
1973, la Troisième Conférence des Nations unies sur le Droit de la Mer s'est réunie pour la première fois à New York en décembre 1973.
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Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar
A Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, celebrada em
Montego Bay,
Jamaica, em 1982, é um
tratado multilateral celebrado sob os auspícios da
ONU que define conceitos herdados do
direito internacional costumeiro, como
mar territorial,
zona econômica exclusiva,
plataforma continental e outros, e estabelece os princípios gerais da exploração dos
recursos naturais do mar, como os recursos vivos, os do solo e os do subsolo. A Convenção também criou o Tribunal Internacional do Direito do Mar, competente para julgar as controvérsias relativas à interpretação e à aplicação daquele tratado.
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