Population decline is the reduction over time in a region's
census. It can be caused for several reasons; notable ones include
sub-replacement fertility (along with limited
immigration), heavy
emigration,
disease,
famine, and
war.Prior to the 20th century, population decline was mostly observed due to disease. The
Black Death in Europe, the arrival of
Old World diseases to the
Americas, the
tse-tse fly invasion of the
Waterberg Massif in
South Africa, and the
Great Irish Famine (1845–1849) have all caused sizable regional population declines. In modern times, the
AIDS epidemic has caused declines in the population of some African countries. Less frequently, population declines are caused by
genocide or mass
execution; for example, in the
1970s, the population of
Cambodia went through a period of decline due to wide scale executions by the
Khmer Rouge regime.
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