For compaction near the surface, see
Soil compaction; for consolidation near the surface, see
Consolidation (soil)Compaction (geology) refers to the process by which a newly deposited
sediment progressively loses its original water content due to the effects of loading, this forms part of the process of
lithification. When a layer of sediment is originally deposited, it normally contains an open framework of sedimentary particles with the remaining pore space being filled with water. As more sediment is deposited onto the layer the effect of loading is to progressively expel the water, accompanied by mechanical rearrangement of the particles. The initial water content of a sediment depends on its lithology.
Mudstones start with porosities of >60%,
sandstones typically ~40
nd
carbonates sometimes as high as 70%. Results from hydrocarbon exploration wells show clear
porosity reduction trends with depth.
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