The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (
abbreviated USSR, ;
tr.: Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, SSSR), also called the Soviet Union (
Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з;
tr.: Sovetskiy Soyuz), was a
constitutionally socialist state that existed in
Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. It was often incorrectly, and sometimes intentionally incorrectly, referred to as
Russia after its largest and dominant
constituent state. From 1945 until its dissolution in 1991 — a period known as the
Cold War—the Soviet Union and the
United States of America were the two world
superpowers that dominated the global agenda of
economic policy,
foreign affairs,
military operations, cultural exchange, scientific advancements including the pioneering of space exploration, and sports (including the
Olympic Games and various
world championships).
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