Transcendentalism

n. philosophy which holds that reasoning is key to understanding reality (assoc. with Kant); philosophy which stresses intuition and spirituality (assoc. with Ralph Waldo Emerson); transcendental character or quality

Transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. It is sometimes called American Transcendentalism to distinguish it from other uses of the word transcendental.Transcendentalism began as a protest against the general state of culture and society at the time, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard and the doctrine of the Unitarian church which was taught at Harvard Divinity School. Among Transcendentalists' core beliefs was an ideal spiritual state that 'transcends' the physical and empirical and is only realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions.
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Noun
1. any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material
(synonym) transcendental philosophy
(hypernym) philosophy

(n.)
The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge.
  

(n.)
Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or diction.
  

1850 philosophical theory, considering that transcending experience leads to a higher state of knowledge

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