Tragédie en musique
Tragédie en musique (French lyric tragedy), also known as tragédie lyrique, is a genre of
French opera introduced by
Jean-Baptiste Lully and used by his followers until the second half of the eighteenth century. Operas in this genre are usually based on stories from
Classical mythology or the Italian romantic epics of
Tasso and
Ariosto. The stories may not have a tragic ending - in fact, they generally don't - but the atmosphere must be noble and elevated. The standard tragédie en musique has five acts. Earlier works in the genre were preceded by an allegorical prologue and, during the lifetime of
Louis XIV, these generally celebrated the king's noble qualities and his prowess in war. Each of the five acts usually follows a basic pattern, opening with an aria in which one of the main characters expresses their feelings, followed by dialogue in recitative interspersed with short arias (petits airs), in which the main business of the plot occurs. Each act traditionally ends with a divertissement, offering great opportunities for the chorus and the ballet troupe. Composers sometimes changed the order of these features in an act for dramatic reasons.
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Tragédie lyrique
Tragédie lyrique
Die Tragédie lyrique oder Tragédie en musique ist eine spezifisch französische
Operngattung des späten
17. und
18. Jahrhunderts.Als Erfinder der Tragédie lyrique kann man
Jean-Baptiste Lully betrachten, der diese Form in den
1670er Jahren zusammen mit seinem Librettisten
Philippe Quinault in eine Form entwickelte, die sich im Wesentlichen weit ins 18. Jahrhundert hinein hielt. Sie speiste sich aus Elementen des ballet-de-cour, der Pastorale und des Maschinentheaters. Die Aufführung einer Tragédie lyrique war ein Spektakel, an denen viele Kunstformen beteiligt waren: neben der Musik und der Dichtung waren dies das
Ballett, die
Kostüme, die
Bühnenbilder.
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Tragédie lyrique
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Tragédie-lyrique
L’invenzione della tragédie-lyrique si può far risalire all’opera del compositore
Lully (Giovanni Battista Lulli, Firenze, 28 Novembre 1632 - Parigi, 22 Marzo 1687, di origine italiana naturalizzato francese) che nel 1672 aveva assunto la direzione dell’
Opéra, sede dell’opera in musica francese e primo teatro di Parigi. La sua fondazione si deve ad un atto di
Luigi XIV risalente al 28 Giugno del 1669 in cui si autorizzava Perrin (Pierre Perrin, Lione, 1620 - Parigi, 1675) e il compositore Cambert (Robert Cambert, Parigi, 1627 circa - Londra, 1677) a gestire un teatro stabile, con il nome di Académie Royale de Musique et de
Danse (la denominazione Opéra è post rivoluzionaria). Nei quindici anni durante i quali Lully ne mantenne il controllo vi rappresentò una ventina di sole sue opere che andarono a formare il canone della trag´edie-lyrique.
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