Thermal pollution is a
temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence. The temperature change be upwards or downwards. In the Northern Hemisphere, a common cause of
thermal pollution is the use of water as a
coolant, especially in
power plants. Water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature. Increases in water temperature can impact on
aquatic organisms by (a) decreasing
oxygen supply, (b) killing fish juveniles which are vulnerable to small increases in temperature, and (c) affecting
ecosystem composition. In the Southern Hemisphere, thermal pollution is commonly caused by the release of very cold water from the base of reservoirs, with severe affects on fish (particularly eggs and larvae), macroinvertebrates and river productivity.
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Discharge of heated water from industrial processes that can kill or injure aquatic organisms.
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