Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (, 907-960) was an era of political upheaval in
China, beginning in the
Tang Dynasty and ending in the
Song Dynasty. During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one another in the north, and more than 12 independent states were established, mainly in the south. However, only ten are traditionally listed, hence the era's name, "Ten Kingdoms." Some historians, such as
Bo Yang, count 11, including Yan and
Qi, but not
Northern Han, viewing it as simply a continuation of Later Han.
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