In
computer science, the syntax of a
programming language is the set of rules that a sequence of characters in a
source code file must follow to be considered a syntactically conforming
program in that language.The rules specify how the character sequences are to be chunked into
tokens (the
lexical grammar), the permissible sequences of these tokens and some of the meaning to be attributed to these permissible token sequences (additional meaning is assigned by the
semantics of the language).The syntactic analysis of source code usually entails the transformation of the linear sequence of tokens into a hierarchical syntax tree (
abstract syntax trees are one convenient form of syntax tree). This process is called
parsing, as it is in
syntactic analysis in
linguistics. Tools have been written that automatically generate parsers from a specification of a language grammar written in
Backus-Naur form, e.g.,
Yacc (yet another compiler compiler).
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