''' Microwaves are
electromagnetic waves with
wavelengths shorter than one meter and longer than one millimeter, or frequencies between 300 megahertz and 300 gigahertz. Apparatus and techniques may be described as "microwave" when the wavelengths of signals are roughly the same as the dimensions of the equipment, so that
lumped-element circuit theory is inaccurate. As a consequence, practical microwave technique tends to move away from the discrete resistors,
capacitors, and
inductors used with lower frequency
radio waves. Instead, distributed circuit elements and transmission-line theory are more useful methods for design, analysis, and construction of microwave circuits. Open-wire and coaxial transmission lines give way to
waveguides, and lumped-element tuned circuits are replaced by cavity resonators or resonant lines.
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The frequency band between 3 and 30 gigahertz (GHz). The elevation and azimuth stations of the microwave landing system operate from 5031 MHz to 5091 MHz in this spectrum.
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