The ozone layer is a layer in
Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of
ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the
sun's high frequency
ultraviolet light which is potentially damaging to life on Earth. Over 90% of ozone in earth's atmosphere is present here. "Relatively high" means a few parts per million—much higher than the concentrations in the lower atmosphere but still small compared to the main components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in the lower portion of the
stratosphere from approximately
15 km to 35 km above Earth's surface, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. The ozone layer was discovered in
1913 by the French physicists
Charles Fabry and
Henri Buisson. Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist
G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple
spectrophotometer that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. Between
1928 and
1958 Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations which continues to operate today. The "
Dobson unit", a convenient measure of the total amount of ozone in a column overhead, is named in his honor.
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