Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (
January 21,
1824 –
May 10,
1863) was a
Confederate general during the
American Civil War, and probably the most revered Confederate commander after General
Robert E. Lee. He is most famous for his audacious
Valley Campaign of 1862 and as a corps commander in the
Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. His own troops accidentally shot him at the
Battle of Chancellorsville and he died of complications from an amputated arm and
pneumonia several days later. Military historians consider Jackson to be one of the most gifted tactical commanders in
United States history. His Valley Campaign and his envelopment of the
Union Army right wing at Chancellorsville are studied worldwide even today as examples of innovative and bold leadership. He excelled as well at the
First Battle of Bull Run (where he received his famous nickname),
Second Bull Run,
Antietam, and
Fredericksburg. Jackson was not universally successful as a commander, however, as displayed by his weak and confused efforts during the
Seven Days Battles around
Richmond in 1862. His death was a severe setback for the Confederacy, affecting not only its military prospects, but the morale of its army and the general public; as Jackson lay dying, General
Robert E. Lee sent a message to Jackson through Chaplain Lacy, saying "Give General Jackson my affectionate regards, and say to him: he has lost his left arm but I my right."
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